Months after the conflict in Ethiopia’s Tigray region erupted, there is hardly any relief for those caught up in it. Tens of thousands are on the run and sexual violence is on the rise, Amnesty International says.
Aid organizations are still unable to reach parts of the conflict-torn Tigray region, three months since the conflict began. Information is thin as communications is interrupted. Ethiopian opposition parties claim that at least 52,000 people have died in Tigray since November. About 60,000 have fled the embattled region for Sudan, according to the UN Refugee Agency UNHCR. A third of those displaced are children.
The European Union’s special envoy, Finland’s Foreign Minister Pekka Haavisto, warned this week that the crisis inTigray region is “completely out of control militarily, human rights-wise and humanitarian-wise.”
He said the Ethiopian government must urgently provide full humanitarian access to Tigray and its estimated six million inhabitants. In December, Brussels announced it was withholding some 90 million euros ($110 million) in aid to Ethiopia because the country was not granting full humanitarian access to Tigray.
No aid, no information
“We are very concerned about the humanitarian situation in Tigray,” Chris Melzer, who works with UNHCR in Ethiopia, told DW. “We know there are hundreds of thousands, maybe more than a million people who need help.” UNHCR only has access to the southern part of the Tigray region, he said, adding that UNHCR is in the process of restoring clinics in refugee camps.
“We have heard that hospitals in the northern part of Tigray have been destroyed or damaged or have no supplies to help sick people,” Melzer said. In addition to that, he said, communications to aid workers have been disrupted and, in some cases, are only possible via satellite phones.
Ethiopia’s Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed launched military operations against the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) in early November 2020. Abiy ordered the offensive move after an alleged attack on a federal army camp by TPLF fighters. In late November, Abiy declared victory after government forces captured the regional capital of Mekelle. But clashes continue in the region.
Millions of people without protection
“In all my years as an aid worker, I have rarely seen humanitarian aid so hampered and unable to help so many people with such urgent needs for so long.” Jan Egeland, the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) Secretary-General, said in early February.
Describing the situation as “catastrophic,” Fisseha Tekle, Ethiopia expert at Amnesty International, told DW in an interview, “The residents of Tigray have little access to food, medicine, and financial services. Looting and the destruction of crops and killing of livestock have worsened the situation,” Tekle said.
In contrast, the Ethiopian government released a statement on Wednesday saying that international and local organizations were serving 3.1 million people in the region. It said it welcomes international aid, but coordination remains a government responsibility. Twenty-nine international organizations are currently on the ground, according to the statement.
Executions, rapes, and looting
In January, UN Special Representative Pramila Patten said she was “very concerned about serious allegations of sexual violence” in Tigray. People are being forced to rape family members or have sex with members of the military in exchange for necessities, she said.
According to human rights groups, survivors blame pro-government forces,including Ethiopian and Eritrean troops and paramilitaries from the Amhara region. Ethiopia’s government stressed that they would take allegations of human rights abuses seriously and bring suspected perpetrators to justice.
Eritrean soldiers identified
The role of Eritrean troops in Tigray remains in dispute. Witnesses claim to have identified forces from the neighboring country by vehicles with Eritrean license plates, typical Eritrean army clothing, among other things. A dialect of Tigrinya and ritual facial scars of an ethnic group, both of which are not found in Ethiopia, were also noticeable. Individual soldiers had even told residents that they were Eritrean.
Amnesty International said it had obtained evidence for the first time that Eritrean troops had killed hundreds of civilians in the northern town of Axum as early as November. Extrajudicial executions, indiscriminate shelling, and mass looting had occurred, Tekle said. Both Addis Ababa and Asmara deny that Eritrean troops are involved in the conflict at all.
“The government must put an end to this massacre,” Amnesty expert Tekle urged Abiy. “It must ensure that all the forces involved, fighting alongside the Ethiopian army, comply with their obligations under international law, whether they are Amhara police, Eritrean troops, or informal militias. They must respect Ethiopian law, international humanitarian and human rights law.” They would have to be held accountable for possible involvement in crimes against humanity. The EU and the United States are calling for the immediate withdrawal of Eritrean troops.
Solomon Muchie contributed to this article originally written in German.